Clinical and sonographic criteria of acute scrotum in children: a retrospective study of 1
Karmazyn B, Steinberg R, Kornreich L, Freud E, Grozovski S, Schwarz M, Ziv N, Livne PPediatr Radiol. 2005 Mar;35(3):302-10. Epub 2004 Oct 16..
Department of Pediatric Radiology, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah-Tiqva, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. bkarmazy@iupui.edu
BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of testicular torsion in children is challenging, as clinical presentation and findings may overlap with other diagnoses. OBJECTIVE: To define the clinical and ultrasound criteria that best predict testicular torsion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The records of children hospitalized for acute scrotum from 1997 to 2002 were reviewed. The clinical and ultrasound findings of children who had a final diagnosis of testicular torsion were compared with those of children who had other diagnoses (torsion of the testicular appendix, epididymitis, and epididymo-orchitis). RESULTS: Forty-one children had testicular torsion; 131 had other diagnoses. Stepwise regression analysis yielded three factors that were significantly associated with testicular torsion: duration
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