[Lesions of the male breast]
Links [Lesions of the male breast] [Article in German] Reiner-Concin AVerh Dtsch Ges Pathol. 2004;88:165-9. Links [Lesions of the male breast] [Article in German] Reiner-Concin A. Pathologisch-Bakteriologisches Institut, Donauspital am SMZO, Wien, Osterreich. Lesions of the male breast are rather rare. The most frequent lesion is gynecomastia followed by breast cancer. Gynecomastia is well known but male breast cancer is a rather rare tumor. It occurs in less than 1% of all cancers in men and of breast cancers. The mean age is high with a median of 68 years. Predisposing factors appear to be associated with hyperestrogenism such as testicular factors including maldescensus, orchitis and infertility. Other factors are Klinefelter, adipositas, diabetes mellitus and liver disease. In recent years an increased risk of male breast cancer has been reported in families with positive family history and in which BRCA2 mutations have been identified. Diagnostic procedures for male breast lesions should be the same as for the female breast. Underdiagnosis of male breast lesions is a frequently reported problem. Histology of male breast cancer differs in some aspects from female breast cancer. Male breast cancers are more frequently invasive ductal, G3 and steroid hormone receptor positive. In case of intraductal cancer male lesions are more frequently papillary. Lobular carcinomas almost never occur. Prognostic factors for male breast cancer are similar to female breast cancer. For male breast cancer no randomised therapy studies are described. Therefore all therapy strategies are extrapolated from female breast cancer. The existing main therapeutic problem is undertreatment. PMID: 16892548 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Related Links Breast cancer in men. [Ann Intern Med. 2002] PMID: 12379069 Epidemiology of male breast cancer. [Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005] PMID: 15668471 Mammographic appearances of male breast disease. [Radiographics. 1999] PMID: 10336188 [Cancer of the male breast with atypical ductal hyperplasia and contralateral gynecomastia] [Minerva Chir. 1990] PMID: 2162505 Cytology of nipple discharge in florid gynecomastia. [Acta Cytol. 2003] PMID: 12585028 See all Related Articles... Display Summary Brief Abstract AbstractPlus Citation MEDLINE XML UI List LinkOut ASN.1 Related Articles Cited Articles Cited in Books CancerChrom Links Domain Links 3D Domain Links GEO DataSet Links Gene Links Gene (GeneRIF) Links Genome Links Project Links GENSAT Links GEO Profile Links HomoloGene Links Nucleotide Links Nucleotide (RefSeq) Links OMIA Links OMIM (calculated) Links OMIM (cited) Links BioAssay Links Compound Links Compound via MeSH Substance Links Substance via MeSH PMC Links Cited in PMC PopSet Links Probe Links Protein Links Protein (RefSeq) Links SNP Links Structure Links Taxonomy via GenBank UniGene Links UniSTS Links Show 5 10 20 50 100 200 500 Sort by Pub Date First Author Last Author Journal Send to Text File Printer Clipboard E-mail Order .
Pathologisch-Bakteriologisches Institut, Donauspital am SMZO, Wien, Osterreich.
Lesions of the male breast are rather rare. The most frequent lesion is gynecomastia followed by breast cancer. Gynecomastia is well known but male breast cancer is a rather rare tumor. It occurs in less than 1% of all cancers in men and of breast cancers. The mean age is high with a median of 68 years. Predisposing factors appear to be associated with hyperestrogenism such as testicular factors including maldescensus, orchitis and infertility. Other factors are Klinefelter, adipositas, diabetes mellitus and liver disease. In recent years an increased risk of male breast cancer has been reported in families with positive family history and in which BRCA2 mutations have been identified. Diagnostic procedures for male breast lesions should be the same as for the female breast. Underdiagnosis of male breast lesions is a frequently reported problem. Histology of male breast cancer differs in some aspects from female breast cancer. Male breast cancers are more frequently invasive ductal, G3 and steroid hormone receptor positive. In case of intraductal cancer male lesions are more frequently papillary. Lobular carcinomas almost never occur. Prognostic factors for male breast cancer are similar to female breast cancer. For male breast cancer no randomised therapy studies are described. Therefore all therapy strategies are extrapolated from female breast cancer. The existing main therapeutic problem is undertreatment.
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